Header:
TEXAS ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
TITLE 25. HEALTH SERVICES
PART 1. DEPARTMENT OF STATE HEALTH SERVICES
CHAPTER 131. FREESTANDING EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE FACILITIES
SUBCHAPTER G. PHYSICAL PLANT AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
Date:
08/31/2009
Document:
§ 131.143. Construction Requirements for a New Facility
(a) Any proposed new facility shall be easily accessible to the community and to service vehicles such as delivery trucks, ambulances, and fire protection apparatus. No building may be converted for use as a facility which, because of its location, physical condition, state of repair, or arrangement of facilities, would be hazardous to the health and safety of the patients.
(1) A facility shall have at least two exits remotely located in accordance with National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 101, Life Safety Code, 2003 Edition (NFPA 101), § 20.2.4.1. When a required means of egress from the facility is through another portion of the building, that means of egress shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 101 which are applicable to the occupancy of that other building. Such means of egress shall be open, available, unlocked, unrestricted, and lighted at all times during the facility hours of operation. All documents published by National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) as referenced in this section may be obtained by writing or calling the NFPA at the following address or telephone number: National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, Massachusetts 02269-9101 or (800) 344-3555. NFPA documents are also available for public inspection during regular working hours at the offices of Architectural Review Group, Texas Department of State Health Services, 1100 West 49th Street, Austin, Texas 78756-3199.
(2) Hazardous locations.
(A) A new facility or an addition to an existing facility shall not be constructed within 150 feet of easement boundaries or setbacks of hazardous underground locations including but not limited to liquid butane or propane, liquid petroleum or natural gas transmission lines, high pressure lines, and not within the easement of high voltage electrical lines. Municipality's main natural gas lines in right-of ways serving dwellings and gas lines on property servicing gas meter(s) under this provision are not consider natural high pressure lines.
(B) A new facility and an addition to an existing facility shall not be built within 300 feet of above ground or underground storage tanks containing liquid petroleum or other flammable liquids used in connection with a bulk plant, marine terminal, aircraft refueling, bottling plant of a liquefied petroleum gas installation, or near other hazardous or hazard producing plants.
(3) Undesirable locations.
(A) In lieu of local codes, a new facility shall not be located closer than 1500 feet to nuisance producing industrial sites, feed lots, sanitary landfills, or manufacturing plants producing excessive noise or air pollution.
(B) Flood plains. (i) When a new facility is constructed in a designated 100-year flood plain, the building finished floor elevation shall be one foot above the set base flood plain elevation. The building shall meet all local flood code ordinances and local flood control requirements. (ii) To obtain a license as a facility, a previously licensed facility and an existing building or a portion of an existing building located in a designated 100-year flood plain shall meet the requirement of clause (i) of this subparagraph. (iii) Facility required functional components shall be constructed above the designated flood plain in a new addition to an existing facility located in a designated 100-year flood plain. The new addition shall meet the requirement of clause (i) of this subparagraph. (iv) Currently licensed facilities located within a designated 100-year flood plain are exempted from these requirements for renovations and repairs.
(b) The facility site shall include paved roads, walkways, and parking in accordance with the requirements set out in this subsection.
(1) Paved roads and walkways.
(A) Paved roads shall be provided within lot lines for access from public roads to the main entrance and to service entrances.
(B) Finished surface walkways shall be provided for pedestrians. When public transportation or walkways serve the site, finished surface walkways or paved roads shall extend from the public conveyance to the building entrance.
(2) Parking and disability requirements.
(A) Off-street parking shall be available for visitors, employees, and staff. Parking structures directly accessible from a facility shall be separated with two-hour fire rated noncombustible construction. When used as required means of egress for facility occupants, parking structures shall comply with National Fire Protection Association 88A, Standard for Parking Structures, 2002 edition. This requirement does not apply to freestanding parking structures.
(B) In the absence of local code, one parking space shall be provided for each staff member on duty, plus one space for each three treatment or examination stations, one space for each three diagnostic rooms and one visitor's space for every five treatment/exam/diagnostic stations/rooms. Parking facilities shall be increased accordingly when the size of existing facilities is increased.
(C) When on-street parking is available and acceptable to the local authorities having jurisdiction, the numbers of parking spaces may be reduced accordingly and shall meet the requirement of subparagraph (B) of this paragraph.
(D) Special considerations benefiting disabled staff, visitors, and patients shall be provided. Each facility shall comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, Public Law 101-336, 42 United States Code, Chapter 126, and Title 36 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1191, Appendix A, Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities or 16 TAC, § 68.20(relating to Buildings and Facilities Subject to Compliance with the Texas Accessibility Standards), Texas Accessibility Standards (TAS), April 1, 1994 edition, issued by the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, under the Texas Architectural Barriers Act, Government Code, Chapter 469.
(c) Every building and every portion thereof shall be designed and constructed to sustain all dead and live loads in accordance with accepted engineering practices and standards and the local governing building codes. Where there is no local governing building code, the facility shall be constructed in accordance with the International Building Code, 2003 edition, published by the International Code Council, 500 New Jersey Avenue, Northwest, 6th Floor, Washington, District of Columbia 20001-2070, (888) 422-7233.
(1) All new construction, including conversion of an existing building to a facility or establishing a separately licensed facility within another existing building, shall comply with NFPA 101, Chapter 20, New Ambulatory Health Care Occupancies, of the National Fire Protection Association 101, Life Safety Code, 2003 edition (NFPA 101), and Subchapters F and G of this chapter (relating to Fire Prevention and Safety Requirements, and Physical Plant and Construction Requirements, respectively). Construction documents shall be submitted to the department in accordance with § 131.146 of this title (relating to Preparation, Submittal, Review and Approval of Plans, and Retention of Records).
(A) Construction types for multiple building occupancy. (i) When a facility is part of a larger building which complies with NFPA 101, § 20.1.6, Minimum Construction Requirements for (fire resistance) construction type, the designated facility shall be separated from the remainder of the building with a minimum of one-hour fire rated construction. (ii) When a facility is located in a multistory building of two or more stories, the entire building shall meet the construction requirements of NFPA 101, § 20.1.6.3. A facility shall not be located in a multistory building which does not comply with the minimum construction requirements of NFPA 101, § 20.1.6.3. (iii) When a facility is part of a one-story building that does not comply with the construction requirements of NFPA 101, § 20.1.6.2, the facility shall be separated from the remainder of the building with a 2-hour fire rated construction. The designated facility portion shall have the construction type upgraded to comply with NFPA 101, § 20.1.6.2.
(B) Special provisions shall be made in the design of a facility if located in a region where local experience shows loss of life or extensive damage to buildings resulting from hurricanes, tornadoes, or floods.
(2) A facility shall provide a physical environment that protects the health, safety, and welfare of patients, personnel, and the public.
(3) The more stringent standard, code or requirement shall apply when a difference in requirements for construction exists.
(4) Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to prohibit a better type of building construction, more exits, or otherwise safer conditions than the minimum requirements specified in this subchapter.
(5) Nothing in this subchapter is intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, safety to health and welfare of individuals, and safety to those prescribed by this subchapter, provided technical documentation which demonstrates equivalency is submitted to the department for approval.
(6) Separate freestanding buildings for non-patient use such as the heating plant, boiler plant, laundry, repair workshops, or general storage may be of unprotected noncombustible construction, protected noncombustible construction, or fire-resistive construction and be designed and constructed in accordance with other occupancy classifications requirements listed in NFPA 101.
(d) Spatial requirements.
(1) Administration and public areas.
(A) A primary entrance shall be located at grade level and be accessible to individuals with disabilities, and protected against inclement weather with a canopy from the point of passenger loading and unloading to the building entrance. The canopy shall at least extend over the passenger side of the vehicle to minimally protect the patient from inclement weather.
(B) A main lobby shall be located at the primary entrance and shall include a reception and information counter or desk, waiting space(s), private interview space/alcove, public toilet facilities located convenient to the lobby/waiting area, public telephones, drinking fountain(s), bottled water or water cooler, and storage room or alcove for wheelchairs. Private interview space/alcove may be omitted if all interviews are conducted in treatment or exam rooms.
(C) General office(s) space shall be provided for business transactions, medical and financial records, and administrative and professional staff on site or off site.
(D) Storage. Storage room or closet for office equipment and supplies shall be provided and located outside of the patient treatment areas.
(E) When a facility is fully digitalized, an IT closet shall be provided for computer servers. When the facility is not fully digitalized, the facility shall provide an area for storage of clinical records which is separate from patient treatment and diagnostic areas, and shall be secured from unauthorized access.
(2) Emergency entrance and signage.
(A) A separate ambulance entrance at grade level shall be well-illuminated, identified by sign(s), and protected from inclement weather. The ambulance entry shall have a drive under canopy for protection from inclement weather. The primary and ambulance entry to permit discharge of patients from automobiles and ambulances shall be paved. Parking shall be provided near and convenient to the pedestrian primary entrance.
(B) Emergency entry signage. An emergency sign shall be provided at the entry from the public road(s) or street(s) serving the site. The emergency sign at the entry to the site shall be illuminated and connected to the emergency essential electrical system. Additional sign(s) on-site may be required to direct patients to the emergency treatment area entrance when the emergency treatment area is not visible from the site entry. The letters on the entry sign shall be red or white with a contrasting background, all capitalized, at least eight inches in height, and include an arrow indicating direction.
(C) A facility that is not in continuous operation 24 hours per day and 7 days per week shall display clearly visible signage at the main entry and ambulance entry points of the facility. The signage letter size shall be readable and not smaller than half an inch in height. The signage shall provide the information required under § 131.22(c) of this title (relating to Classifications of Facilities).
(D) A facility that is not in continuous operation shall comply with the requirements under § 133.22(d) of this title.
(3) Emergency suite.
(A) Control station/nurse station shall be located to permit staff observation and control of access to treatment room(s), exam rooms, pedestrian and ambulance entrances, and public waiting area(s). Video cameras may be substituted for direct visual observation for pedestrian and ambulance entrances, and public waiting area(s). The nurse station shall contain cabinets, work counter, and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls. The counter height shall not exceed 42 inches. The nurse station may be combined with or include centers for reception and communication.
(B) When a dedicated triage space/room is provided, it shall include a counter with a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls.
(C) Charting and dictation space for physician's space may be in a separate room or alcove or control station/nurse station. Suitable space shall be provided when computers are used for the clinical records.
(D) As a minimum requirement, all facilities shall provide at least one emergency treatment room to handle emergencies. The room(s) and facilities shall meet the following requirements. (i) The emergency treatment room for a single patient shall have a minimum clear area of 120 square feet clear floor area exclusive of fixed and movable cabinets and shelves. The minimum clear room dimension exclusive of fixed cabinets and built-in shelves shall be 10 feet. The emergency treatment room shall contain cabinets, work counter, examination light, and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls. (ii) When a multiple-bed emergency treatment room is provided, the clearance between the side of a bed/gurney and a wall/partition shall be a minimum of four feet. The clearance between the sides of beds/gurneys shall be a minimum of six feet. The minimum distance at the foot of the bed/gurney shall not be less than seven feet for single load area/room or ten feet for double load area/room. Four feet of the passage space at the foot of the bed may be shared between two beds/gurneys. The multiple-bed emergency treatment room shall contain cabinets, medication storage, work counter, examination light, and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls. The fixed and movable cabinets and shelves shall not encroach upon the bed/gurney clear floor space/area. The requirements of this clause are illustrated in Table (5), Diagram (A) of § 131.148(e) of this title (relating to Tables). (iii) One hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls shall be provided for each bed/gurney location. One hand washing fixture may serve two beds/gurneys if distributed appropriately between the two. (iv) Storage space shall be provided within the room or suite and be under staff control for general medical-surgical emergency supplies and medications. Adequate space shall be provided for emergency equipment such as emergency treatment trays, ventilator, defibrillator, splints, cardiac monitor, etc.
(E) As a minimum requirement, all facilities shall provide at least one exam room. The room(s) and facilities shall meet the following requirements. (i) The exam room for a single patient shall have a minimum clear area of 100 square feet clear floor area exclusive of fixed and movable cabinets and shelves. The minimum clear room dimension exclusive of fixed cabinets and built-in shelves shall be 9 feet. The examination room shall contain cabinets, work counter, examination light, and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls. (ii) When a multiple-bed exam room is provided, the clearance between the side of the bed/gurney and a wall/partition shall be a minimum of 3 feet. The clearance between sides of the beds/gurneys shall be a minimum of 6 feet. The minimum distance at the foot of the bed/gurney shall not be less than seven feet for single load area/room or 10 feet for double load area/room. Four feet of the passage space at the foot of the bed may be shared between 2 beds/gurneys. The multiple-bed examination room shall contain cabinets, work counters, and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls. The fixed and moveable cabinets and shelves shall not encroach upon the bed/gurney clear floor space/area. The requirements of this clause are illustrated in Table 5, Diagram (B) of § 131.148(e) of this title. Provisions shall be made for visual privacy between multiple stations. (iii) One hand washing fixture shall be provided for every four beds/gurneys or fraction thereof. Fixtures shall be uniformly distributed and not located within the exam area behind the curtains.
(F) Storage space shall be provided within the emergency suite and be under staff control for general medical emergency supplies and medications. Adequate space shall be provided for emergency equipment such as emergency treatment trays, ventilator, defibrillator, splints, cardiac monitor, etc.
(G) A medical staff work area and charting area(s) shall be provided. The area may be combined with the control station/nurse station.
(H) An area or alcove located out of traffic and convenient to the treatment and exam room(s) shall be provided for an emergency crash cart.
(I) An alcove shall be provided for stretcher and wheelchair storage. The storage shall be located out of the line of traffic.
(J) A nourishment station shall be provided containing a work counter with sink, microwave, refrigerator and storage cabinets and not located in the clean workroom.
(K) When provided, an ice machine supplying ice for therapeutic purposes shall be located in the clean utility room. A self-dispensing ice machine shall be provided for ice for human consumption and located in a clean utility room or the nurse station.
(L) Patient toilet room(s) shall be provided and shall be convenient to treatment rooms, examination rooms, and trauma rooms a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls. Patient toilet room shall be at a ratio of 1 toilet room for every 5 treatment, exam, trauma stations or fraction thereof.
(M) A clean storage room shall be provided for clean supplies and linens as needed. A hand washing fixture shall be provided within the room with hands-free operable controls.
(N) Soiled workroom shall be provided and contain a work counter, a clinical sink or equivalent flushing type fixture, hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls, waste receptacles, and soiled linen receptacles.
(O) A housekeeping room containing a floor receptor or service sink and storage space for housekeeping supplies and equipment shall be provided for the exclusive use of the emergency suite and shall be directly accessible from the emergency suite. When automatic film processors are used, a receptacle of adequate size with hot and cold water for cleaning the processor racks shall be provided. When there is only one housekeeping room for the entire facility there shall be policies and procedures in place, as describe in § 131.55 of this title (relating to Sanitary Conditions and Hygienic Practices) for proper use of cleaning up body fluids versus general cleaning, and the use of separate equipment and supplies.
(P) Staff toilets may be outside the suite but shall be convenient for staff use and include hand washing fixtures with hands-free operable controls. When a department has 4 or more treatment or examination rooms, toilet facilities shall be in the suite.
(4) Trauma Treatment rooms. When provided, a trauma room it shall comply with the following.
(A) A trauma room shall be 250 square feet of clear floor area exclusive of aisles and fixed and moveable cabinets and shelves. The minimum clear dimension between fixed cabinets and built-in shelves shall be 12 feet. The trauma room shall contain a work counter, cabinets, and examination light.
(B) When multiple-patient trauma stations are provided, the clearance between the head of the bed/gurney to the wall/partition shall be a minimum of 3 feet. The clearance between the side of a bed/gurney and a wall/partition shall be a minimum of 6 feet. The clearance between the sides of beds/gurneys shall be a minimum of 12 feet. The minimum distance at the foot of the bed/gurney shall not be less than 7 feet for single load area/room or 10 feet for double load area/room. Four feet of the passage space at the foot of the bed may be shared between 2 beds/gurneys. The multiple-bed trauma room shall contain cabinets, medication storage, work counter, examination light, and scrub sink with hands-free operable controls. The fixed and moveable cabinets and shelves shall not encroach upon the bed/gurney clear floor space/area. The requirements of this subparagraph are illustrated in Table 5, Diagram (C) of § 131.148(e) of this title. Provisions shall be made for visual privacy between multiple stations.
(C) A scrub station shall be located within five feet of the either inside or outside entrance to each trauma room. One scrub station may serve two trauma beds/gurneys. Scrub facilities shall be arranged to minimize any incidental splatter on nearby personnel or supply carts. The scrub sinks shall be recessed out of the main line of traffic.
(D) All doorway openings from the ambulance entrance to the trauma room shall be a minimum of five feet wide.
(5) Holding or observation room/area.
(A) When a holding or observation room/area is provided within or adjacent to the emergency suite, it shall comply with the following.
(B) A single holding/observation room shall have a minimum clear area of 100 square feet exclusive of fixed and movable cabinets and shelves. The holding/observation room shall contain a work counter and hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls. (i) The single holding/observation room shall be near the nurse station and near a patient toilet room which contains a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls. (ii) In a multiple-bed holding/observation room/area, the clearance between the side of the bed/gurney and a wall/partition shall be a minimum of 3 feet. The clearance between sides of the beds/gurneys shall be a minimum of 6 feet. The minimum distance at the foot of the bed/gurney shall not be less than 7 feet for single load area/room or 10 feet for double load area/room. Four feet of the passage space at the foot of the bed may be shared between 2 beds/gurneys. The multiple-bed holding/observation room/area shall contain cabinets, work counters, and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls. One hand washing fixture shall be provided for every 4 holding/observation beds or fraction thereof. Fixtures shall be uniformly distributed. The fixed and moveable cabinets and shelves shall not encroach upon the bed/gurney clear floor space/area. The requirements of this clause are illustrated in Table 5, Diagram (B) of § 131.148(e) of this title. (iii) In a multiple-bed holding/observation room/area, a patient toilet room with a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls shall be provided within the room or area.
(C) When a multiple-bed gurney holding or observation room is not within or adjacent to the emergency suite, the following additional spaces shall be provided: (i) A stretcher and wheelchair storage alcove/room shall be provided. The alcove/room for stretcher and wheelchair storage shall be located out of the line of traffic. (ii) A clean storage room shall be provided within or adjacent to the holding or observation room. The clean storage room shall be provided for clean supplies and linen as needed. A hand washing fixture shall be provided with hands-free operable controls. (iii) Soiled workroom. A soiled workroom shall be provided within or adjacent to the holding or observation room. The workroom shall contain a work counter, a clinical sink or equivalent flushing type fixture, hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls, waste receptacles, and soiled linen receptacles. The soiled workroom required in support of a treatment/exam room may be combined with the holding or observation room/area if confidently located between the 2 areas.
(6) Medication work room or alcove. A medication work room or alcove shall be provided and located separate from patient and public areas and under the direct supervision of staff. A work counter, refrigerator, medication storage, and locked storage for biologicals and drugs shall be provided. A hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls shall be located in the medication work room or alcove. Water spouts used at lavatories and sinks shall have clearances adequate to avoid contaminating utensils and the contents of carafes, etc.
(A) Functional space shall be provided and areas required for records, reports, and accounting activities.
(B) Space for the poison control center shall be provided with storage facilities for reaction data and drug information centers.
(7) Diagnostic radiographic (X-ray). A diagnostic radiographic (X-ray) room shall be provided and be readily available to the emergency suite. The diagnostic radiographic (X-ray) room size shall be in compliance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Clearance and unobstructed space shall not be less than three feet around the diagnostic equipment. Dressing room(s) shall be provided and located near the X-ray room.
(8) Computed tomography (CT) scanning. A CT room shall be provided and be readily available to the emergency suite. Clearance and unobstructed space shall not be less than three feet on each side of the diagnostic equipment. The CT room(s) size shall be in compliance with the manufacturer's recommendations and shall contain the following.
(A) A control room shall be provided with a view window permitting view of the patient. The control room shall be located to allow convenient film processing.
(B) A patient toilet room shall be provided conveniently to the procedure room. When directly accessible to the scan room, the toilet room shall be arranged so that a patient may leave the toilet room without having to reenter the scan room. The toilet room shall have a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls.
(9) Laboratory services. Laboratory suite shall be provided with the following minimum facilities.
(A) The laboratory work room(s) shall include counter(s), space appropriately designed for laboratory equipment, and sink(s) with hands-free operable controls.
(B) Each laboratory room or work area shall be provided with a hand washing fixture(s) with hands-free operable controls.
(C) General storage, including refrigeration for reagents, standards, supplies, and stained specimen microscope slides, etc. shall be provided. Separate facilities shall be provided for such incompatible materials as acids and bases, and vented storage shall be provided for volatile solvents.
(D) A refrigerator or other similar equipment shall be provided for specimen storage waiting for transfer to off-site testing.
(E) Specimen room/area for blood collection shall be provided with a counter, space for seating, and hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls. A toilet and lavatory with hands-free operable controls shall be provided for specimen collection. This facility may be outside the laboratory suite if conveniently located.
(F) When chemical safety is a requirement, an emergency shower and eye flushing devices shall be provided.
(G) Flammable or combustible liquids, when used, shall be stored in approved containers, in accordance with National Fire Protection Association 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 2003 edition.
(H) When radioactive materials are employed, safe storage facilities shall be provided.
(I) Each laboratory unit shall meet the requirements of Chapter 11 of NFPA 99 (relating to Laboratories), and Chapter 20 of NFPA 101 (relating to New Ambulatory Health Care Occupancies).
(10) Isolation room. The need for an airborne infection isolation room in the emergency suite shall be determined by the governing body and the infection risk assessment.
(A) When the facility provides treatment rooms to perform procedures on persons who are known or suspected of having an airborne infectious disease, these procedures shall be performed in a designated emergency airborne infection isolation treatment rooms and meeting airborne infection isolation ventilation requirements. The isolation room shall meet the ventilation requirements contained in Table 1 of § 131.148(a) of this title.
(B) The emergency airborne infection isolation treatment room for a single patient shall have a minimum clear area of 120 square feet clear floor area exclusive of fixed and movable cabinets and shelves. The minimum clear room dimension exclusive of fixed cabinets and built-in shelves shall be 10 feet. The emergency treatment room shall contain cabinets, medication storage, work counter, examination light, and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls.
(C) The emergency airborne infection isolation room shall be provided with an enclosed anteroom. The enclosed anteroom shall open to directly into the emergency airborne infection isolation treatment room. The enclosed anteroom shall have facilities for hand washing, gowning, and storage of clean and soiled materials. One enclosed anteroom may serve multiple isolation rooms.
(D) The door from the enclosed anteroom to the emergency airborne infection isolation room shall be provided with a self-closing device.
(E) Pressure differential monitors or air flow devices shall be installed outside the isolation room and anteroom. Devices shall be installed in corridors, passageways, etc.
(11) Secured holding room. When provided, this room shall be constructed to allow for security, patient and staff safety, patient observation, and sound mitigation. The secure holding room shall have a minimum clear area of 100 square feet clear floor area exclusive of fixed cabinets. The minimum clear room dimension exclusive of fixed cabinets shall be 10 feet.
(12) Orthopedic and cast room. When provided, the room(s) may be in separate room(s) or in the trauma room. The room(s) shall contain a work counter, storage for splints and orthopedic supplies, traction hooks, medication storage, examination light, and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls. When a cast room is provided it shall be equipped with hand washing facilities, storage, and other provisions required for cast procedures.
(13) Film processing room. When a radiographic (X-ray) room is provided, a darkroom for processing film shall be provided unless the processing equipment does not require a darkroom for loading and transfer. When daylight processing is used, the darkroom may be minimal for emergency and special uses. Film processing shall be located convenient to the darkroom.
(14) Housekeeping room. Sufficient number of janitor's closets shall be provided throughout the facility to maintain a clean and sanitary environment. The closet shall contain a floor receptor or service sink and storage space for housekeeping supplies and equipment. When there is only 1 housekeeping room for the entire facility there shall be policies and procedures in place, as describe in § 131.55 of this title for proper use of cleaning up body fluids versus general cleaning, and the use of separate equipment and supplies.
(15) Medical waste. Space and facilities shall be provided for the safe storage and disposal of medical waste as appropriate for the material being handled and in compliance with all applicable federal, state, or local laws, codes, rules, regulations and ordinances.
(16) Decontamination room.
(A) When a decontamination room is provided, the exterior entry point shall be far as practical from any other entry point to the emergency treatment area.
(B) The internal door from the decontamination room shall open directly to the corridor into the emergency treatment area.
(C) The door shall swing into the room and be lockable against ingress from the corridor.
(D) The room shall be a minimum of 80 square feet of clear floor area with a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls.
(E) The decontamination room shall be equipped with 2 hand-held showerheads with temperature controls and a dedicated holding tank with a floor drain.
(F) The decontamination room floor shall be self-coved to a height of 6 inches. The room shall have all smooth, nonporous, scrubable, nonabsorbent and nonperforated surfaces.
(17) Supply rooms.
(A) A storage room/area for breakdown of supplies shall be provided. The storage room/area shall have adequate space for breakdown of prepackaged supplies to be loaded on cart(s) to transport to the appropriate storage spaces. The breakdown area shall not reduce the clear unobstructive width in the egress corridor.
(B) Sterile/clean supply room. A sterile/clean supply room shall be provided. Storage of sterile/clean supplies shall not occur within the breakdown room.
(C) An equipment storage room shall be provided. The equipment room may be in the emergency suite.
(18) Laundry and linen may be processed within the facility or off site at a commercial laundry.
(A) When on-site linen processing is provided, soiled and clean processing operations shall be separated and arranged to provide a one-way traffic pattern from soiled to clean areas. The following rooms and items shall be provided: (i) a soiled linen processing room that includes areas for receiving, holding, sorting, and washing; (ii) a clean linen processing room that includes areas for drying, sorting, folding, and holding before distribution; (iii) supply storage cabinets in the soiled and clean linen processing rooms; (iv) hand washing sink within the soiled linen processing room; and (v) a storage room for clean linen. Clean linen storage may be combined with the clean work room.
(B) When linen is processed off site, the following areas shall be provided: (i) clean linen shall be stored within the clean supply area; and (ii) soiled linen shall be stored in a designated space in the facility.
(19) Employee facilities. An employee suite shall be provided containing lockers, a lounge, and staff toilets for employees and volunteers. The toilet room(s) may be unisex.
(20) Engineering suite and equipment areas shall be provided.
(A) An engineer's office/area with file space and provisions for protected storage of facility drawings, records, manuals, etc. .
(B) A general maintenance shop(s) for repair, maintenance, supplies and equipment. An area for medical equipment which includes provisions for the storage, repair, and testing of electronic and other medical equipment.
(C) When necessary, a separate room or building for yard maintenance equipment and supplies. When a separate room is within the physical plant, the room shall be located so that equipment may be moved directly to the exterior. Yard equipment or vehicles using flammable liquid fuels shall not be stored or housed within the facility.
(D) Sufficient space shall be provided in all mechanical and electrical equipment rooms for proper maintenance of equipment. Provisions shall also be made for removal and replacement of equipment.
(E) Additional areas or room(s) for mechanical and electrical equipment shall be provided within the physical plant or installed in separate buildings or weatherproof enclosures with the following exceptions. (i) An area shall be provided for cooling towers and heat rejection equipment when such equipment is used. (ii) An area for the medical gas park and equipment shall be provided. For smaller medical gas systems, the equipment may be housed in a room within the physical plant in accordance with National Fire Protection Association 99, Standard for Health Care Facilities, 2002 edition (NFPA 99), Chapters 4 and 8. (iii) When provided, compactors, dumpsters, and incinerators shall be located in an area remote from public entrances.
(e) General detail requirements. Details in new construction projects, including additions and alterations, shall comply with this subsection, with NFPA 101, Chapter 20, and with local building codes.
(1) Fire safety features, including smoke compartmentation, means of egress, automatic extinguishing systems, inspections, smoking regulations, and other details relating to fire prevention and fire protection shall comply with NFPA 101, Chapter 20. The Fire Safety Evaluation System for Health Care Occupancies contained in the National Fire Protection Association 101A, Alternative Approaches to Life Safety, 2001 Edition, Chapter 3, shall not be used in new building construction, renovations, or additions to existing facilities.
(2) Exits, corridors and doors.
(A) A facility shall provide 2 exits remote from each other in accordance with NFPA 101, § 20.2.4.1. At least 1 exit door shall be accessible by an ambulance from the outside. This door may also serve as an entry for loading or receiving goods.
(B) Encroachment into the means of egress. Such items as drinking fountains, telephone booths or stations, and vending machines shall not project into and restrict exit corridor traffic or reduce the exit corridor width below the required minimum. Portable equipment, when stored, shall not project into and restrict exit corridor traffic or reduce the exit corridor width below the required minimum.
(C) Corridors. (i) The minimum clear and unobstructed width of a public corridor shall be at least 4 feet. (ii) The communicating corridor shall be used to convey patients by stretcher, gurney, or bed. (iii) The communicating corridor shall link the treatment room/area, exam room/area, and holding room/area and shall be continuous to at least 1 exit. (iv) The minimum clear and unobstructed width of the communicating corridor shall be 6 feet.
(D) Doors at all openings between corridors and rooms or spaces subject to occupancy shall be swing type. Elevator doors are excluded from this requirement.
(E) Doors, except doors to spaces such as small closets which are not subject to occupancy, shall not swing into corridors in a manner that might obstruct traffic flow or reduce the required corridor width. Large walk-in type closets are considered as occupiable spaces.
(F) The minimum width of doors for patient access to treatment, examination, diagnostic, and imaging rooms requiring access for beds and gurneys shall be 3 feet 8 inches.
(G) Emergency access rooms containing a restroom, intended for patient use, shall be provided with at least one door having hardware which will permit access from the outside in any emergency. Door leaf width of such doors shall not be less than 36 inches.
(H) Horizontal sliding doors serving an occupant load of fewer than 10 shall be permitted. The area served by the door shall have no high hazard contents. The door shall be readily operable from either side without special knowledge or effort. The force required to operate the door in the direction of door travel shall be not more than 30 pounds per foot to set the door in motion, and shall be not more than 15 pounds per foot to close the door or open in the minimum required width. The door assembly shall comply with any required fire protection rating, and, where rated, shall be self-closing or automatic closing. The sliding doors opening to the egress corridor doors shall have a latch or other mechanism that ensures that the doors will not rebound into a partially open position if forcefully closed. The sliding doors shall be installed to resist passage of smoke and may have breakaway provisions. The latching sliding panel shall have a minimum clear opening of 36 inches in the fully open position. The fixed panels may have recessed tracks.
(I) All fire doors shall be listed by an independent testing laboratory and shall meet the construction requirements for fire doors in National Fire Protection Association 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows, 1999 Edition. Reference to a labeled door shall be construed to include labeled frame and hardware.
(3) Glazing for glass doors, lights, sidelights, borrowed lights, and windows located within 12 inches of a door jamb or with a bottom-frame height of less than 18 inches and a top-frame height of more than 36 inches above the finished floor which may be broken accidentally by pedestrian traffic shall be glazed with safety glass or plastic glazing material that will resist breaking and will not create dangerous cutting edges when broken. Similar materials shall be used for wall openings in activity areas such as recreation and exercise rooms, unless otherwise required for fire safety. Safety glass, tempered or plastic glazing materials shall be used for shower doors and bath enclosures, interior windows and doors. Plastic and similar materials used for glazing shall comply with the flame spread ratings of NFPA 101, § 18.3.3.
(4) Grab bars shall be provided at patient toilets and showers. The bars shall be one and one-half inches in diameter, shall have either one and one-fourth or one and one-half inches clearance to walls, and shall have sufficient strength and anchorage to sustain a concentrated vertical or horizontal load of 250 pounds. Grab bars intended for use by the disabled shall also comply with ADA requirements.
(5) Location and arrangement of fittings for hand washing facilities shall permit their proper use and operation. Hand washing fixtures with hands-free controls shall be provided in each examination, treatment, trauma, diagnostic, imaging, holding/observation room/area, soiled utility room, clean work room, and toilet room. Particular care shall be given to the clearances required for blade-type operating handles. Lavatories and hand washing facilities shall be securely anchored to withstand an applied vertical load of not less than 250 pounds on the front of the fixture. In addition to the specific areas noted, hand washing facilities shall be conveniently located for staff use in rooms and areas noted under spatial requirements in subsection (d) of this section and throughout the center where patient care services are provided.
(6) A liquid or foam soap dispenser shall be located at each hand washing facility.
(7) Provisions for hand drying shall be included at all hand washing facilities. Hot air dryers or individual paper or cloth units shall be enclosed to provide protection against dust or soil and shall provide single-unit dispensing.
(8) A sign shall be posted at the entrance to each toilet/restroom to identify the facility for public, staff, or patient use.
(9) Emergency eyewash shall be provided conveniently located within the emergency suite for staff use and comply with ANSI Z358.1.
(10) The minimum ceiling height shall be eight feet six inches with the following exceptions.
(A) Rooms containing ceiling-mounted light fixtures or equipment. Trauma rooms or other rooms containing ceiling-mounted light fixtures or equipment shall have a ceiling height of not less than 9 feet. Additional ceiling height may be required to accommodate special fixtures or equipment.
(B) Ceilings in storage rooms, toilet rooms, and other minor rooms shall be not less than 7 feet 6 inches.
(C) Boiler rooms shall have ceiling clearances not less than 2 feet 6 inches above the main boiler header and connecting piping.
(D) Overhead clearance for suspended tracks, rails, pipes, signs, lights, door closers, exit signs, and other fixtures that protrude into the path of normal traffic shall not be less than six feet eight inches above the finished floor.
(11) Areas producing impact noises like recreation rooms, exercise rooms, and similar spaces shall not be located directly over trauma or treatment rooms/area unless special provisions are made to minimize noise.
(12) Rooms containing heat-producing equipment, such as mechanical and electrical equipment and laundry rooms, shall be insulated and ventilated to prevent floors of any occupied room located above it from exceeding a temperature differential of 10 degrees Fahrenheit above the ambient room temperature.
(13) When the entire facility is provided with digital imaging system capabilities, a minimum of 2 X-ray film illuminators viewers shall be provided in a central location.
(14) Radiation shielding shall be designed, tested, and approved by a medical physicist licensed under the Medical Physics Practice Act, Occupations Code, Chapter 602. The facility shall obtain a certificate of registration issued by the Radiation Safety Licensing Branch to use radiation machines.
(f) General finish requirements. Finishes in new construction projects, including additions and alterations, shall comply with this subsection, with NFPA 101, Chapter 20, and with local building codes.
(1) Privacy screens, cubicle curtains, and draperies.
(A) Cubicle curtains or privacy screens shall be provided to assure patient privacy when required or requested by a patient.
(B) Cubicle curtains, draperies and other hanging fabrics shall be noncombustible or flame retardant and shall pass both the small-scale and the large-scale tests of National Fire Protection Association 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame-Resistant Textiles and Films, 1999 Edition. Copies of laboratory test reports for installed materials shall be submitted to the department at the time of the final construction inspection.
(2) Flame spread, smoke development and noxious gases. Flame spread and smoke developed limitations of interior finishes shall comply with Table 4 of § 131.148(d) of this title and NFPA 101, § 10.2. The use of materials known to produce large or concentrated amounts of noxious or toxic gases shall not be used in exit accesses or in patient areas. Copies of laboratory test reports for installed materials tested in accordance with National Fire Protection Association 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2000 Edition, and National Fire Protection Association 258, Standard Research Test Method for Determining Smoke Generation of Solid Materials, 2001 Edition, shall be provided.
(3) Floor finishes.
(A) Flooring shall be easy to clean and have wear resistance appropriate for the location involved. Floors that are subject to traffic while wet (such as shower and bath areas and similar work areas) shall have a nonslip surface. In all areas frequently subject to wet cleaning methods, floor materials shall not be physically affected by germicidal and cleaning solutions. The following are acceptable floor finishes: (i) painted concrete for mechanical, electrical, communication rooms, and janitor's closets; (ii) vinyl and vinyl composition tiles and sheets tiles for offices, lobbies, administrative areas, storage, staff and public toilet rooms, support spaces, and non-treatment areas. The joints shall be sealed to prevent moisture penetration between the joints and under the tile; (iii) monolithic or seamless flooring shall be provided for all treatment rooms/areas, exam rooms/areas, patient toilet rooms, and soiled workrooms. Seamless flooring shall be impervious to water, coved and installed integral with the base, tightly sealed to the wall, and without voids that can harbor insects or retain dirt particles. The base shall not be less then six inches in height. Welded joint flooring is acceptable; (iv) marble, ceramic and quarry tile for offices, lobbies, staff and public toilet rooms, administrative areas, wet areas, and similar spaces; (v) carpet flooring for offices, lobbies, and administrative areas. Carpeting shall not be installed in any holding rooms, toilet rooms, treatment rooms, examination rooms, diagnostic, imaging, and similar spaces; and (vi) terrazzo for offices, lobbies, administrative areas, and similar spaces.
(B) Thresholds at doorways shall not exceed 3/4-inch in height for exterior sliding doors or 1/2-inch for other type doors. Raised thresholds and floor level changes at accessible doorways shall be beveled with a slope no greater than 1:2. Expansion joint covers shall not exceed 1/2-inch in height and shall have beveled edges with a slope no greater than 1:2.
(4) Wall finishes. Wall finishes in patient exam, treatment, or diagnostic rooms, toilet rooms, soiled work room, clean work/storage rooms, and laboratory, shall be smooth, washable, moisture resistant, and cleanable by standard housekeeping practices. Wall finishes shall be in compliance with the requirements of NFPA 101, § 38.3.3, relating to flame spread.
(A) Wall finishes shall be water-resistant in the immediate area of plumbing fixtures.
(B) Wall finishes in areas subject to frequent wet cleaning methods shall be impervious to water, tightly sealed, and without voids.
(5) Ceiling finishes. All occupied rooms and spaces shall be provided with finished ceilings, unless otherwise noted. Ceilings which are a part of a rated roof/ceiling assembly or a floor/ceiling assembly shall be constructed of listed components and installed in accordance with the listing. Three types of ceilings that are required in various areas of the facility are:
(A) ordinary ceilings are required in all areas or rooms in the facility unless otherwise noted. This includes ceilings such as acoustical tiles installed in a metal grid which are dry cleanable with equipment used in daily housekeeping activities such as dusters and vacuum cleaners;
(B) washable ceilings that dictate this type of cleaning or protection for these spaces (such as soil utility or soil workroom). The ceilings shall be made of washable, smooth, moisture impervious materials such as painted lay-in gypsum wallboard or vinyl faced acoustic tile in a metal grid; and
(C) monolithic ceilings which are monolithic from wall to wall (painted solid gypsum wallboard), smooth and without fissures, open joints, or crevices, and with a washable and moisture impervious finish shall be provided in the airborne isolation rooms, soiled workrooms, trauma rooms, and sterilizing facilities when provided.
(D) Nonfinished ceilings may be omitted in mechanical, electrical, communication rooms, shops, and similar spaces unless required for fire-resistive purposes.
(6) Floor, wall, and ceiling penetrations. Floor, wall, and ceiling penetrations by pipes, ducts, and conduits, or any direct openings shall be tightly sealed to minimize entry of dirt particles, rodents, and insects. Joints of structural elements shall be similarly sealed.
(7) Material finishes. Materials known to produce noxious gases when burned shall not be used for mattresses, upholstery, and wall finishes.
(g) General mechanical requirements. This subsection contains requirements for mechanical systems; air conditioning, heating and ventilating systems; steam and hot and cold water systems; and thermal and acoustical insulation.
(1) Cost. All mechanical systems shall be designed for overall efficiency and life cycle costing, including operational costs. Recognized engineering practices shall be followed to achieve the most economical and effective results except that in no case shall patient care or safety be sacrificed for conservation.
(2) Equipment location. Mechanical equipment may be located indoors, outdoors when in a weatherproof enclosure, or in a separate building(s).
(3) Vibration isolation. Mechanical equipment shall be mounted on vibration isolators as required to prevent unacceptable structure-borne vibration. Ducts, pipes, etc. connected to mechanical equipment which is a source of vibration shall be isolated from the equipment with vibration isolators.
(4) Performance and acceptance. Prior to completion and acceptance of the facility to the owner/operator, all mechanical systems shall be tested, balanced, and operated to demonstrate to the design engineer or their representative that the installation and performance of these systems conform to the requirements of the plans and specifications.
(A) Upon completion of the contract, the facility owner/operator shall obtain from the construction contractor parts lists and procurement information with numbers and descriptions for each piece of equipment.
(B) Upon completion of the contract, the facility owner/operator shall obtain from the construction contractor instructions in the operational use and maintenance of systems and equipment as required.
(5) Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.
(A) All central HVAC systems shall comply with and shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems, 2002 Edition, or NFPA 90B, Standard for the Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Systems, 2002 Edition, as applicable and the requirements contained in this paragraph. Air handling units serving two or more rooms are considered to be central units.
(B) Noncentral air handling systems, i.e., individual room units that are used for heating and cooling purposes (e.g., fan-coil units, heat pump units, and packaged terminal air conditioning units) shall be equipped with permanent (cleanable) or replaceable filters. The filters shall have an average efficiency of 25 - 30% and an average arrestance of 85% based on American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), Inc., Standard 52.2, 1999 edition, Method of Testing General Ventilation Air Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size. These units shall be used as air recirculating units only. All outdoor air requirements shall be met by a separate central air handling system with the proper filtration, as required in Table 1 of § 131.148(a) of this title.
(C) General ventilation requirements. All rooms and areas in the facility shall have provision for positive ventilation. Fans serving exhaust systems shall be located at the discharge end and shall be conveniently accessible for service. Exhaust systems may be combined, unless otherwise noted, for efficient use of recovery devices required for energy conservation. The ventilation rates shown in Table 1of § 131.148(a) of this title shall be used only as minimum requirements, since they do not preclude the use of higher rates that may be appropriate. (i) To reduce utility costs, facility design may utilize energy conserving procedures including recovery devices, variable air volume, load shedding, systems shutdown, or reduction of ventilation rates (when specifically permitted) in certain areas when unoccupied. In no case shall patient care be jeopardized. (ii) Mechanical systems shall be arranged to take advantage of outside air conditions by using an economizer cycle when appropriate to reduce heating and cooling systems loads. Innovative design that provides for additional energy conservation while meeting the intent of this section for acceptable patient care may be presented to the department for consideration. (iii) Fully ducted supply, return and exhaust air for HVAC systems shall be provided for all patient care areas, storage rooms, and where required for fire safety purposes. Combination systems, utilizing both ducts and plenums for movement of air in these areas, shall not be permitted. All ductwork access panels shall be labeled. (iv) The designed capacity of the HVAC systems shall be capable of providing the ranges of temperatures and humidities as shown in Table 1 of § 131.148(a) of this title. Where no values are noted or indicated, the indoor design temperature in all other areas shall be between 68 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit with relative humidity of not less than 30%. (v) Each trauma room shall have temperature and humidity indicating devices mounted at eye level. (vi) Outside air intake locations.
(I) Outside air intakes shall be located at least 25 feet from exhaust outlets of ventilating systems, combustion equipment stacks, medical-surgical vacuum system outlets, plumbing vents, or areas which may collect vehicular exhaust or other noxious fumes. (Prevailing winds and proximity to other structures may require other arrangements.)
(II) Plumbing and vacuum vents that terminate 5 feet above the level of the top of the air intake may be located as close as 10 feet to the air intake.
(III) The bottom of outside air intakes serving central systems shall be located as high as practical but at least 6 feet above ground level, or if installed above the roof, 3 feet above the roof level. (vii) Contaminated air exhaust outlets from areas (laboratory hoods, etc.) that exhaust contaminated air shall be above the roof and be arranged to exhaust upward unless the air has been treated by an appropriate means where sidewall exhaust will be allowed. (viii) All toilet exhaust ventilation shall be exhausted to the exterior. Exhaust systems may be combined, unless otherwise noted, for efficient use of recovery devices required for energy conservation. (ix) Directional air flow. Ventilation systems shall be designed and balanced to provide pressure relationships contained in Table 1 of § 131.148(a) of this title. Provisions in Note 4 of Table 1 of § 131.148(a) of this title shall be followed for the reductions and shut down of ventilation systems when a room is unoccupied. (x) Air distribution devices. Turbulence and other factors of air movement to minimize airborne particulate matter shall be considered in the design of air distribution devices. Where extraordinary procedures require special designs, the installation shall be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
(I) All supply diffusers grilles shall be located on the ceiling or on a wall within four inches from the ceiling.
(II) Air supply for the treatment rooms/areas, exam rooms/areas, and trauma rooms/areas shall be from ceiling outlets near the center of the work area to efficiently control air movement.
(III) A minimum of two return air inlets located diagonally opposite from one another and near floor level shall be provided. Bottoms of the wall mounted return air grilles in trauma and other anesthetizing locations shall be at least four inches above the floor. (xi) The air handling units (AHU) shall not be started or operated without the filters installed in place, including. This includes the 90% efficiency filters where required. This includes during construction operations. Ducts shall be cleaned thoroughly and throughout by a National Air Duct Cleaners Association (NADCA) certified air duct cleaning contractor when the air handling systems have been operating without the required filters in place. When ducts are determined to be dirty or dusty, the department shall require a written report assuring cleanliness of duct and clean air quality. (xii) When duct humidifiers are located upstream of the final filters, they shall be located at least 15 feet from the filters. Duct work with duct-mounted humidifiers shall be provided with a means of removing water accumulation. An adjustable high-limit humidistat shall be located downstream of the humidifier to reduce the potential of condensation inside the duct. All duct takeoffs shall be sufficiently downstream of the humidifier to ensure complete moisture absorption. Reservoir-type water spray or evaporative pan humidifiers shall not be used. (xiii) All air handling units shall be equipped with filters having efficiencies equal to, or greater than, those specified in Table 2 of § 131.148(b) of this title. Filter efficiencies shall be average dust spot efficiencies tested in accordance with American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), Inc., Standard 52.2, 1999 edition, Method of Testing General Ventilation Air-Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size. All joints between filter segments, and between filter segments and the enclosing ductwork, shall have gaskets and seals to provide a positive seal against air leakage. Air handlers serving more than one room shall be considered as central air handlers. All documents published by ASHRAE as referenced in this section may be obtained by writing or calling the ASHRAE, Inc. at the following address or telephone number: ASHRAE, 1791 Tullie Circle, Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30329; telephone (404) 636-8400.
(I) Filtration for air handling units serving single rooms requiring asepsis control. Dedicated air handlers serving only one room where asepsis control is required (such as, but not limited to trauma rooms/areas, treatment rooms/areas, exam rooms/areas) shall be equipped with filters having efficiencies equal to, or greater than, those specified for patient care areas in Table 2 of § 131.148(b) of this title.
(II) Filtration requirements for air handling units serving other single rooms. Dedicated air handlers serving all other single rooms shall be equipped with nominal filters installed at the return air system.
(III) Location of multiple filters. Where 2 filter beds are required by Table 2 of § 131.148(b) of this title, filter bed number one shall be located upstream of the air conditioning equipment, and filter bed number 2 shall be downstream of the supply air blowers, cooling and heating coils.
(IV) Where only 1 filter bed is required by Table 2 of § 131.148(b) of this title, it shall be located upstream of the supply fan. Filter frames shall be durable and constructed to provide an airtight fit with the enclosing ductwork.
(V) Pressure monitoring devices. A manometer or draft gauge shall be installed across each filter bed having a required efficiency of 75% or more, including laboratory hoods requiring high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. The pressure monitoring device shall be mounted below the ceiling line within the facility such that it can be observed by staff.
(D) Thermal and acoustical insulation for air handling systems. Asbestos containing insulation materials shall not be used. (i) Air ducts and casings with outside surface temperature below the ambient dew point or temperature above 80 degrees Fahrenheit shall be provided with thermal insulation. (ii) When installed, linings in air ducts and equipment shall meet the Erosion Test Method described in Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Standard 181, relating to Factory-Made Duct Materials and Air Duct Connectors, April 4, 1996 edition. This document may be obtained from the Underwriters Laboratories, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, Illinois 60062-2096. (iii) Interior and exterior insulation, including finishes and adhesives on the exterior surfaces of ducts and equipment, shall have a flame spread rating of 25 or less and a smoke developed rating of 50 or less as required by NFPA 90A, Chapters 4 and 5 and as determined by an independent testing laboratory in accordance with NFPA 255, A Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2000 Edition. (iv) Duct lining and acoustical traps exposed to air movement shall not be used in ducts serving any trauma rooms, treatment rooms, examination rooms, holding areas, clean room, and critical care areas. This requirement shall not apply to mixing boxes and acoustical traps that have approved nonabrasive coverings over such linings. (v) Insulation of soft and spray-on types shall not be used where subject to air currents or mechanical erosion or where loose particles may create a maintenance problem or occupant discomfort. (vi) Internal linings shall not be used in ducts, terminal boxes, or other air system components supplying all patient care areas. This requirement shall not apply to mixing boxes and acoustical traps that have special coverings over such lining.
(E) Ventilation for anesthetizing locations. When anesthesia is administered, ventilation for anesthetizing locations, as defined in NFPA 99, § 3-3, shall comply with NFPA 99, § 13.4.1.2 and any specific ventilation requirements of clauses (i) - (iii) of this subparagraph. (i) Smoke removal systems for anesthetizing locations. Smoke removal systems shall be provided in all windowless anesthetizing locations in accordance with NFPA 99, § 6.4.1.2. Supply and exhaust systems for windowless anesthetizing locations shall be arranged to automatically exhaust smoke and products of combustion, prevent recirculation of smoke originating within the surgical suite, and prevent the circulation of smoke entering the system intakes, without in either case interfering with the exhaust function of the system. (ii) Smoke removal systems for surgical suites. Smoke removal systems shall be provided in all surgical suites in accordance with NFPA 99, § 6.4.1.3. (iii) Smoke exhaust grilles. Exhaust grilles for smoke evacuation systems shall be ceiling-mounted or wall-mounted within 12 inches of the ceiling.
(F) Location of return and exhaust air devices. The bottoms of wall-mounted return and exhaust air openings shall be at least 4 inches above the floor. Return air openings located less than 6 inches above the floor shall be provided with nominal filters. All exhaust air openings and return air openings located higher than 6 inches but less than 7 feet above the floor shall be protected with grilles or screens having openings through which a 1/2-inch sphere will not pass.
(G) Ray protection. Ducts which penetrate construction intended for X-ray or other ray protection shall not impair the effectiveness of the protection.
(H) Fire damper requirements. Fire dampers shall be located and installed in all ducts at the point of penetration of a required 2-hour or higher fire-rated wall or floor in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 101, § 18.5.2.
(I) Smoke damper requirements. Smoke dampers shall be located and installed in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 101, § 20.3.7.3, and NFPA 90A, Chapter 5. (i) Combination fire and smoke leakage limiting dampers (Class II) shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer's instructions for all ducts penetrating one and two-hour rated fire and smoke partitions required by NFPA 101, § 20.3.7, Subdivision of Building Space (not required in facility meeting the provisions of NFPA 101, § 20.3.7.2, Exception Number 1). (ii) Combination smoke and fire dampers shall close on activation of the fire alarm system by smoke detectors installed and located as required by National Fire Protection Association 72, National Fire Alarm Code, 2002 Edition (NFPA 72), Chapter 8; NFPA 90A, Chapter 6; and NFPA 101, § 20.3.5; the fire sprinkler system; and upon loss of power. Smoke dampers shall not close by fan shutdown alone unless it is a part of an engineered smoke removal system. (iii) Air handling fans and smoke damper controls may be interconnected so that closing of smoke dampers will not damage the ducts. (iv) Use of frangible devices for shutting smoke dampers is not permitted.
(J) Acceptable damper assemblies. Only fire damper and smoke damper assemblies integral with sleeves and listed for the intended purpose shall be acceptable.
(K) Duct access doors. Unobstructed access to duct openings in accordance with NFPA 90A, § 4.3, shall be provided in ducts within reach and sight of every fire damper, smoke damper and smoke detector. Each opening shall be protected by an internally insulated door which shall be labeled externally to indicate the fire protection device located within.
(L) Restarting controls. Controls for restarting fans may be installed for convenient fire department use to assist in evacuation of smoke after a fire is controlled, provided that provisions are made to avoid possible damage to the system because of closed dampers. To accomplish this, smoke dampers shall be equipped with remote control devices.
(M) Make-up air. If air supply requirements in Table 1 of § 131.148(a) of this title do not provide sufficient air for use by exhaust hoods and safety cabinets, filtered make-up air shall be ducted to maintain the required air flow direction in that room. Make-up systems for hoods shall be arranged to minimize short circuiting of air and to avoid reduction in air velocity at the point of contaminant capture.
(h) Piping systems and plumbing fixture requirements. All piping systems and plumbing fixtures shall be designed and installed in accordance with the requirements of the National Standard Plumbing Code Illustrated published by the National Association of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors (PHCC), 2003 edition, and this paragraph. The National Standard Plumbing Code may be obtained by writing or calling the PHCC at the following address or telephone number: Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors, P.O. Box 6808, Falls Church, Virginia 22046; telephone (800) 533-7694.
(1) Piping systems.
(A) Water supply piping systems. Water service pipe to point of entrance to the building shall be brass pipe, copper tube (not less than type M when buried directly), copper pipe, cast iron water pipe, galvanized steel pipe, or approved plastic pipe. Domestic water distribution system piping within buildings shall be brass pipe, copper pipe, copper tube, or galvanized steel pipe. Piping systems shall be designed to supply water at sufficient pressure to operate all fixtures and equipment during maximum demand. (i) Each water service main, branch main, riser, and branch to a group of fixtures shall be equipped with accessible and readily identifiable shutoff valves. Stop valves shall be provided at each fixture. (ii) Backflow preventers (vacuum breakers) shall be installed on hose bibs, laboratory sinks, janitor sinks, bedpan flushing attachments, and all other fixtures to which hoses or tubing can be attached. Connections to high hazard sources, e.g., X-ray film processors, shall be from a cold water hose bib through a reduced pressure principle type backflow preventer (RPBFP). (iii) Flush valves installed on plumbing fixtures shall be of a quiet operating type, equipped with silencers. (iv) Water heating equipment shall have sufficient capacity to supply water for all clinical needs based on accepted engineering practices using actual number and type of fixtures and for heating, when applicable. (v) Hot water distribution system serving all patient care areas shall be under constant recirculation to provide continuous hot water at each hot water outlet. (vi) Water temperatures shall be measured at hot water point of use or at the inlet to processing equipment. Hot water temperature at point of use for patients, staff, and visitors shall be in the range of 105 to 120 degrees Fahrenheit. (vii) When potable water storage tanks (hot and cold) are used, the water shall be used and replenished. Domestic water storage tank(s) shall be fabricated of corrosion-resistant metal or lined with noncorrosive material. Water shall not be stored in tanks for future use unless the water is tested weekly for contaminates/bacteria. (viii) Purified water distribution system piping shall be task specific and include, but not necessarily be limited to, polypropylene (PP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. Final installed purified water system piping assemblies shall be UL approved and fully comply with applicable American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Fire Resistant/Smoke Density requirements. The applicable documents are available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428-2959. (ix) Dead-end piping (risers with no flow, branches with no fixture) shall not be installed. In any renovation work, dead-end piping shall be removed. Empty risers, mains and branches installed for future use are permitted.
(B) Fire sprinkler systems. When provided, fire sprinkler systems shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 101, § 9.7, Automatic Sprinklers and Other Extinguishing Equipment, and the requirements of this subparagraph. All fire sprinkler systems shall be designed, installed, and maintained in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2002 Edition, and shall be certified as required by § 131.147(c)(1)(C) of this title (relating to Construction, Inspection, and Approval of Project).
(C) Piped nonflammable medical gas and clinical vacuum systems. Piped nonflammable medical gas and clinical vacuum system shall be designed, installed, and certified in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 99, § 5.1 for Level 1 Piped Systems and the requirements of this subparagraph. (i) Nonflammable medical gas and clinical vacuum outlets shall be provided in accordance with Table 3 of § 131.148(c) of this title. (ii) Medical gas piping systems including source tanks and related piping shall be installed only by, or under the direct supervision of, a holder of a master plumber license or a journeyman plumber license with a medical gas piping installation endorsement issued by the Texas State Board of Plumbing Examiners. (iii) Prior to closing of walls, the installer shall perform an initial pressure test, a blowdown test, a secondary pressure test, a cross-connection test, and a purge of the piping system as required by NFPA 99. (iv) Qualifications verification testing shall be performed and inspected by a party, other than the installer, installing contractor, or material vendor. Testing shall be conducted by a medical gas system verifier registered with an acceptable organization by this department and is technically competent and experienced in the field of medical gas and vacuum pipeline testing and meets the requirements of The American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) Personnel Standard 6030, Professional Qualifications Standard for Medical Gas Systems. The document published by ASSE Personnel Standard 6030, Professional Qualifications Standard for Medical Gas Systems as referenced in this rule may be obtained by writing or calling The American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) at ASSE International Office, 901 Canterbury, Suite A, Westlake, Ohio 44145, telephone (440) 885-3040. (v) Upon completion of the installer inspections and tests and after closing of walls, verification tests of the medical gas piping systems, the warning system, and the gas supply source shall be conducted. The verification tests shall include a cross-connection test, valve test, flow test, piping purge test, piping purity test, final tie-in test, operational pressure tests, and medical gas concentration test. (vi) Verification testing of the medical gas piping systems and the warning systems shall be performed on all new piped medical gas systems, additions, renovations, or repaired portions of an existing system. All systems that are breached and components that are added, renovated, or replaced shall be inspected and appropriately tested. The breached portions of the systems subject to inspection and testing shall all be of the new and existing components in the immediate zone or area located upstream of the point or area of intrusion and downstream to the end of the system or a properly installed isolation valve. (vii) Verification tests of piped medical gas systems shall include tests of the source alarms and monitoring safeguards, master alarm systems, and the area alarm systems. (viii) Source equipment verification tests. Source equipment verification tests shall include medical gas supply sources (bulk and manifold) and the compressed air source systems (compressors, dryers, filters, and regulators). (ix) Before new piped medical gas systems, additions, renovations, or repaired portions of an existing system are put into use, facility medical personnel shall be responsible for ensuring that the gas delivered at the outlet is the gas shown on the outlet label and that the proper connecting fittings are checked against their labels. (x) Upon successful completion of all verification tests, written certification for affected piped medical gas systems and piped medical vacuum systems including the supply sources and warning systems shall be provided by a party technically competent and experienced in the field of medical gas pipeline testing stating that the provisions of NFPA 99 have been adhered to and systems integrity has been achieved. The written certification shall be submitted directly to the facility and the installer. A copy shall be available at final department construction inspection. (xi) Documentation of the installed, modified, extended or repaired medical gas piping system shall be submitted to the department by the same party certifying the piped medical gas systems. The number and type of medical gas outlets (e.g., oxygen, vacuum, medical air, nitrogen, nitrous oxide) shall be documented and arranged tabularly by room numbers and room types.
(D) Main storage of medical gases may be outside or inside the facility in accordance with NFPA 99, § 5.1. Provision shall be made for additional separate storage of reserve gas cylinders necessary to complete at least one day's procedures.
(E) Multiple gas outlets on one medical gas outlet. Y-connections, "twinning," or other similar devices shall not be used on any medical gas outlet.
(2) Steam and hot water systems.
(A) Boilers. When provided, the boilers shall have the capacity, based upon the net ratings as published in The I-B-R Ratings Book for Boilers, Baseboard Radiation and Finned Tube (commercial) by the Hydronics Institute Division of GAMA, to supply the normal heating, hot water, and steam requirements of all systems and equipment. The document published by the Hydronics Institute Division of GAMA as referenced in this rule may be obtained by writing or calling the Hydronics Institute Division of GAMA at 35 Russo Place, P.O. Box 218, Berkeley Heights, New Jersey 07922, telephone (908) 464-8200. (i) Boiler feed pumps, heating circulating pumps, condensate return pumps, and fuel oil pumps shall be connected and installed to provide normal and standby service. (ii) Supply and return mains and risers of cooling, heating, and process steam systems shall be valved to isolate the various sections of each system. Each piece of equipment shall be valved at the supply and return ends except that vacuum condensate returns need not be valved at each piece of equipment.
(B) When required, the facility shall ensure compliance with Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, Boiler Section, Texas Boiler Law (Health and Safety Code, Chapter 755, Boilers), which requires certification documentation for boilers to be posted on site at each boiler installation.
(3) Building sewers shall discharge into a community sewage system. Where such a system is not available, a facility providing sewage treatment shall conform to applicable local and state regulations.
(A) Above ground piping. Soil stacks and roof drains installed above ground within buildings shall be drain-waste-vent (DWV) weight or heavier and shall be: copper pipe, copper tube, cast iron pipe, or Schedule 40 polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipe.
(B) All underground building drains shall be cast iron soil pipe, hard temper copper tube (DWV schedule 40 or heavier), acrylonitrile-butodiene-styrene (ABS) plastic pipe, or PVC, VCP, CPVC pipe. Underground piping shall have at least 12 inches of earth cover or comply with local codes. Existing buildings or portions of buildings that are being remodeled need not comply with this subparagraph.
(C) Separate drainage systems for chemical wastes (acids and other corrosive materials) shall be provided. Materials acceptable for chemical waste drainage systems shall include chemically resistant borosilicate glass pipe, high silicone content cast iron pipe, polypropylene plastic pipe, or plastic lined pipe.
(D) Drainage and waste piping shall not be installed above or below ceilings in trauma rooms/areas and sterile processing rooms unless precautions are taken to protect the space below from leakage and condensation from necessary overhead piping. Secondary protection shall be required to drain. Any required secondary protection shall be labeled, "code required secondary drain system" every 20 feet in a highly visible print or label.
(4) Thermal insulation for piping systems and equipment. Asbestos containing insulation materials shall not be used.
(A) Insulation shall be provided for the following: (i) boilers, smoke breeching, and stacks; (ii) steam supply and condensate return piping; (iii) hot water piping and all hot water heaters, generators, converters, and storage tanks; (iv) chilled water, refrigerant, other process piping, equipment operating with fluid temperatures below ambient dew point, and water supply and drainage piping on which condensation may occur. Insulation on cold surfaces shall include an exterior vapor barrier; and (v) other piping, ducts, and equipment as necessary to maintain the efficiency of the system.
(B) Insulation flame spread. Flame spread shall not exceed 25 and smoke development rating shall not exceed 50 for pipe insulation as determined by an independent testing laboratory in accordance with NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2000 Edition.
(5) Plumbing fixtures. Plumbing fixtures shall be made of nonabsorptive, acid-resistant materials and shall comply with the requirements of the National Standard Plumbing Code, and this paragraph.
(A) Sink and lavatory controls. All lavatories used by medical and nursing staff and by patients shall be trimmed with valves or electronic controls which can be operated without the use of hands. Blade handles used for this purpose shall not be less than 4 inches in length. Single lever or wrist blade devices may also be used.
(B) Clinical sink traps. Clinical sinks shall have an integral trap in which the upper portion of a visible trap seal provides a water surface.
(C) Back-flow or siphoning. All plumbing fixtures and equipment shall be designed and installed to prevent the back-flow or back-siphonage of any material into the water supply. The over-the-rim type water inlet shall be used wherever possible. Vacuum-breaking devices shall be properly installed when an over-the-rim type water inlet cannot be utilized.
(D) Drinking fountain. Each drinking fountain shall be designed so that the water issues at an angle from the vertical, the end of the water orifice is above the rim of the bowl, and a guard is located over the orifice to protect it from lip contamination.
(E) Sterilizing equipment. All sterilizing equipment shall be designed and installed to prevent contamination of the water supply and the entrance of contaminating materials into the sterilizing units.
(F) Hose attachment. No hose shall be affixed to any faucet if the end of the hose may become submerged in contaminated liquid unless the faucet is equipped with an approved, properly installed vacuum breaker.
(G) Bedpan washers and sterilizers. When provided, bedpan washers and sterilizers shall be designed and installed so that both hot and cold water inlets shall be protected against back-siphonage at maximum water level.
(H) Flood level rim clearance. The water supply spouts for lavatories and sinks required in patient care areas shall be mounted so that their discharge points are a minimum of 5 inches above the rim of the fixture.
(I) Scrub sink controls. Freestanding scrub sinks and lavatories used for scrubbing in procedure rooms shall be trimmed with foot, knee, or electronic hands-free controls. Single lever wrist blades are not acceptable at scrub sinks.
(J) Floor drains or floor sinks. Where floor drains or floor sinks are installed, they shall be of a type that can be easily cleaned by removal of the cover. Removable stainless steel mesh shall be provided in addition to a grilled drain cover to prevent entry of large particles of waste which might cause stoppages.
(K) Under counter piping. Under counter piping and above floor drains shall be arranged (raised) so as not to interfere with cleaning of the floor below the equipment.
(L) Ice machines. All ice-making machines used to provide ice for human consumption shall be of the self-dispensing type. Copper tubing shall be provided for supply connections to ice machines.
(i) General electrical requirements. This subsection contains common electrical and essential emergency system requirements.
(1) Electrical requirements. All electrical material and equipment, including conductors, controls, and signaling devices, shall be installed in compliance with applicable sections of the NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, 2002 Edition, § 517; NFPA 99, Chapter 14; the requirements of this subsection, and as necessary to provide a complete electrical system. Electrical systems and components shall be listed by nationally recognized listing agencies as complying with available standards and shall be installed in accordance with the listings and manufacturer's instructions.
(A) All fixtures, switches, sockets, and other pieces of apparatus shall be maintained in a safe and working condition.
(B) Extension cords and cables shall not be used for permanent wiring.
(C) All electrical heating devices shall be equipped with a pilot light to indicate when the device is in service, unless equipped with a temperature limiting device integral with the heater.
(D) All equipment, fixtures, and appliances shall be properly grounded in accordance with NFPA 70.
(E) Under counter electrical installations shall be arranged (raised) to not interfere with floor cleaning below the equipment.
(2) Installation testing and certification.
(A) Installation testing. The electrical installations, including grounding continuity, fire alarm, nurses calling system and communication systems, shall be tested to demonstrate that equipment installation and operation is appropriate and functional. A written record of performance tests on special electrical systems and equipment shall show compliance with applicable codes and standards and shall be available to the department upon request.
(B) Grounding system testing. The grounding system shall be tested as described in NFPA 99, § 4.3.3, for patient care areas in new or renovated work. The testing shall be performed by a qualified electrician or their qualified electrical testing agent. The electrical contractor shall provide a letter stating that the grounding system has been tested in accordance with NFPA 99, the testing device use complies with NFPA 99, and whether the grounding system passed the test. The letter shall be signed by the qualified electrical contractor, or their designated qualified electrical testing agent, certifying that the system has been tested and the results of the test are indicated.
(3) Electrical safeguards. Shielded isolation transformers, voltage regulators, filters, surge suppressors, and other safeguards shall be provided as required where power line disturbances are likely to affect fire alarm components, data processing, equipment used for treatment, and automated laboratory diagnostic equipment.
(4) Services and switchboards. Electrical service and switchboards serving the required facility components shall be installed above the designated 100-year flood plain. Main switchboards shall be located in separate rooms, separated from adjacent areas with one-hour fire-rated enclosures containing only electrical switchgear and distribution panels and shall be accessible to authorized persons only. These rooms shall be ventilated to provide an environment free of corrosive or explosive fumes and gases, or any flammable and combustible materials. Switchboards shall be located convenient for use and readily accessible for maintenance as required by NFPA 70, Article 384. Overload protective devices shall operate properly in ambient temperatures.
(5) Panelboard. Panelboards serving normal lighting and appliance circuits shall be located on the same floor as the circuits they serve. Panelboards serving critical branch emergency circuits shall be located on each floor that has major users (treatment rooms/areas, exam rooms/areas, trauma rooms/areas, etc.) and may also serve the floor above and the floor below. Panelboards serving life safety branch circuits may serve 3 floors, the floor where the panelboard is located, and the floors above and below.
(6) Wiring. All conductors for controls, equipment, lighting and power operating at 100 volts or higher shall be installed in metal or metallic raceways in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 70, Article 517. All surface mounted wiring operating at less than 100 volts shall be protected from mechanical injury with metal raceways to a height of 7 feet above the floor. Conduits and cables shall be supported in accordance with NFPA 70, Article 300.
(7) Mechanical protection of the emergency system. The wiring of the emergency system shall be mechanically protected by installation in nonflexible metal raceways in accordance with NFPA 70, § 517.30(C)(3).
(8) Lighting.
(A) Lighting intensity for staff and patient needs shall comply with guidelines for health care facilities set forth in the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) Handbook, 2000 edition, published by the IESNA, 120 Wall Street, Floor 17, New York, New York 10005. (i) Light intensity and wavelength control to prevent harm to the patient's eyes shall be considered. (ii) Approaches to buildings and parking lots, and all spaces within buildings shall have fixtures that can be illuminated as necessary. All rooms and spaces including storerooms, electrical and mechanical equipment rooms, and attics shall have sufficient artificial lighting for clear visibility. (iii) The special needs of the elderly shall be considered. The facility shall minimize excessive contrast in lighting levels that makes effective sight adaptation difficult.
(B) Means of egress and exit sign lighting intensity shall comply with NFPA 101, §§ 7.8, 7.9, and 7.10.
(C) Electric lamps, which may be subject to breakage or which are installed in fixtures in confined locations when near woodwork, paper, clothing, or other combustible materials, shall be protected by wire guards, or plastic shields.
(D) Ceiling mounted surgical and examination light fixtures shall be suspended from rigid support structures mounted above the ceiling.
(E) Trauma rooms/areas shall have general lighting in addition to local lighting provided by special lighting units at the procedure tables. Each fixed special lighting unit at the tables, except for portable units, shall be connected to an independent circuit.
(F) X-ray film illuminators for handling at least two films simultaneously shall be provided in each trauma room/area and treatment room/area. When the entire emergency suite is provided with digital imaging system capabilities, a minimum of two X-ray film illuminator viewers shall be provided. The film illuminators shall be mounted within the central area of the emergency suite.
(9) Receptacles. Only listed hospital grade single-grounding or duplex-grounding receptacles shall be used in the trauma, treatment, exam, diagnostic, imaging rooms, and all patient care areas. This does not apply to special purpose receptacles.
(A) Installations of multiple-ganged receptacles shall not be permitted in all patient care areas.
(B) Electrical outlets powered from the critical branch shall be provided in all patient care areas, diagnostic, imaging, procedure and treatment locations in accordance with NFPA 99, § 4.4.2.2.2.3. At least one receptacle at each patient treatment or procedure location shall be powered from the normal power panel. All receptacles powered from the critical branch shall be colored red.
(C) Replacement of malfunctioning receptacles and installation of new receptacles powered from the critical branch in existing facilities shall be replaced or installed with receptacles of the same distinct color as the existing receptacles.
(D) All receptacles connected to the essential electrical system shall be identified. The face plate for the receptacle(s) shall have a nonremovable label or be engraved indicating the panel and circuit number.
(E) In locations where mobile X-ray or other equipment requiring special electrical configuration is used, the additional receptacles shall be distinctively marked for the special use.
(F) Each receptacle shall be grounded to the reference grounding point by means of a green insulated copper equipment grounding conductor in accordance with NFPA 70, § 517-13.
(G) Each treatment, examination, and trauma room in the emergency suite shall have a minimum of 6 duplex electrical receptacles located convenient to the head of each procedure table. All other walls shall have a minimum of at least 1 receptacle.
(H) Each work table or counter shall have access to 1 duplex receptacle for every 6 feet of table or counter space or fraction thereof. Each work counter and table shall have at least 1 duplex receptacle connected to the critical branch of the emergency electrical system.
(I) A minimum of one duplex receptacle in each wall shall be installed in each work area or room other than storage or lockers.
(J) Appliances shall be grounded in accordance with NFPA 99, Chapter 9.
(K) Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) receptacles shall be provided for all general use receptacles located within 3 feet of a wash basin or sink. When GFCI receptacles are used, they shall be connected to not affect other devices connected to the circuit in the event of a trip. Receptacles connected to the critical branch used for equipment that should not be interrupted do not require GFCI protection. Receptacles in wet locations, as defined by NFPA 70, §§ 517.20 and 517.21, shall be GFCI protected regardless of the branch of the electrical system serving the receptacle.
(10) Equipment.
(A) The following shall be powered from the Type II essential electrical system in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 99, § 3.4.2.2.3, when such a system is required for safe operation of the facility referenced in paragraph (14) of this subsection. (i) Boiler accessories including feed pumps, heat-circulating pumps, condensate return pumps, fuel oil pumps, and waste heat boilers shall be connected to the equipment system. (ii) Ventilating system serving trauma, treatment and exam rooms, shall be connected to the equipment system in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 99, Chapter 3.
(B) A "kill switch" shall be provided for disconnection of each HVAC serving the building in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 90A, § 6.2.1.
(11) Wet patient care location. Wet patient care locations shall be protected against shock in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 99, § 4.3.2.2.9.1.
(12) Grounding requirements. Fixed electrical equipment shall be grounded in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 99, § 4.3.3.1, and NFPA 70, Article 517.
(13) Nurses calling systems.
(A) A nurse's emergency calling system shall be installed in the all treatment room/area station(s), exam rooms/area station(s), isolation room(s), patient holding stations, imaging, diagnostic and patient toilet room(s) to summon nursing staff in an emergency. Activation of the system shall sound a distinct audible signal which repeats every 5 seconds or less at the nurse station, indicate type and location of call on the system monitor, and activate a distinct visible signal in all areas. The activation of the system shall also activate distinct visible signals in the clean workroom, soiled workroom, and if provided, in the nourishment station. The visible and audible signals shall be cancelable only at the patient calling station. A nurse's emergency call system shall be accessible to a collapsed patient lying on the floor. Inclusion of a pull cord extending to within 6 inches of the floor will satisfy this requirement.
(B) A staff emergency assistance calling system station shall be located in each treatment room/area, examination room/area, trauma room/area, and holding room/area to be used by staff to summon additional help in an emergency. Activation of the system shall sound an audible signal at a staffed location, indicate type and location of call on the system monitor, and activate a distinct visible signal in the corridor at the door. Additional visible signals shall be installed at corridor intersections in multi-corridor facilities. Distinct visible and audible signals shall be activated in the clean workroom, in the soiled workroom, equipment storage, and if provided, in the nourishment station.
(14) Essential electrical system. The facility shall provide, at submission of construction documents/plans, a letter on facility letterhead indicating the method the facility has chosen for implementation of the emergency contingency plan for the continuity of emergency essential building systems (emergency generator). The contingency plan shall consist of one of the two options as described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph.
(A) An onsite emergency generator shall be provided with a Type II essential electrical distribution system in accordance with requirements of NFPA 99, § 4.5 (2), and National Fire Protection Association 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 2002 Edition. (i) An emergency generator standby power system(s) shall require an onsite fuel source and enough fuel capacity in the tank for a period of twenty-four hours or more. The facility shall execute a contract with an outside supplier/vendor(s) that will provide fuel on demand. When a vapor liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (natural gas) system is used, the 24 hour fuel capacity on site is not required. The vapor withdrawal LPG system shall require a dedicated fuel supply. (ii) The emergency generator shall be installed, tested and maintained in accordance with the National Fire Protection Association 99, § 4.5.4, and National Fire Protection Association 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 2002 Edition. (iii) When the emergency generator(s) and electrical transformer(s) are located within the same area, they shall be located at least 10 feet apart. (iv) One electrical outlet connected to the life safety branch of the electrical system shall be provided adjacent to (or on) the emergency generator. (v) The battery charger for emergency lighting at the emergency generator shall be connected to the life safety branch of the electrical system.
(B) An executed contract with an outside supplier/vendor(s) that will provide a portable emergency generator(s) and fuel on demand. (i) An electrical transfer switch with plug-in device sized to provide emergency power for the patient care areas and the provisions in NFPA 99, § 4.5.2.2.2. (ii) An alternate source of power (battery power lighting) shall be provided separate and independent from the normal electrical power source that will be effective for a minimum of one and one half hours after loss of the electrical power. The emergency lighting system shall be capable of providing sufficient illumination to allow safe evacuation from the building. The battery pack systems shall be maintained and tested quarterly. (iii) The facility shall implement the emergency contingency plan upon the loss of electrical power following a natural weather or man-made event when the electrical power may not be restored within 24 hours. The facility shall exercise the contract(s) with the supplier/vendor(s) to have portable emergency generator(s) available within 36 hours after the loss of electrical power.
(15) Fire alarm system. A fire alarm system which complies with NFPA 101, § 20.3.4, and with NFPA 72, Chapter 6 requirements, shall be provided in each facility. The required fire alarm system components are as follows.
(A) A fire alarm control panel (FACP) shall be installed at a visual location such as the main lobby. A remote fire alarm annunciator listed for fire alarm service and installed at a continuously attended location and capable of indicating both visual and audible alarm, trouble, and supervisory signals in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 72 may be substituted for the FACP.
(B) Manual fire alarm pull stations shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 101, § 20.3.4.
(C) Ceiling-mounted smoke detector(s) shall be installed in room containing the FACP when this room is not attended continuously by staff as required by NFPA 72, § 4.4.5.
(D) Smoke detectors shall be installed in air ducts in accordance with NFPA 72, § 5.14.4.2 and § 5.14.5 and NFPA 90A, § 6.4.2.
(E) Smoke detectors shall be installed in return air ducts in accordance with requirements of NFPA 72 § 5.14.4.2.2 and § 5.14.5 and NFPA 90A, § 6.4.2.2.
(F) Fire sprinkler system water flow switches shall be installed in accordance with requirements of NFPA 101, § 9.6.2; NFPA 13, § 6.9; and NFPA 72, § 8.5.3.3.3.4.
(G) Sprinkler system valve supervisory switches shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 72, § 6.8.5.5.
(H) A fire alarm signal notification which complies with NFPA 101, § 9.6.3, shall be provided to alert occupants of fire or other emergency.
(I) Audible alarm indicating devices shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 101, § 20.3.4, and NFPA 72, § 7.4.
(J) Visual fire alarm indicating devices which comply with the requirements of NFPA 72, § 7.5, shall be provided.
(K) Devices for transmitting alarm for alerting the local fire brigade or municipal fire department of fire or other emergency shall be provided. The devices shall be listed for the fire alarm service by a nationally recognized laboratory, and be installed in accordance with such listing and the requirements of NFPA 72.
(L) Wiring for fire alarm detection circuits and fire alarm notification circuits shall comply with requirements of NFPA 70, Article 760.
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